What significance do the historical and cultural references in the novel have?

The historical and cultural references in "Fifth Business" are integral to the narrative as they provide a rich context that deepens the themes of the novel. By linking the personal stories of the characters to broader historical and cultural narratives, Davies illustrates how individual lives are intertwined with collective experiences. This connection highlights the influence of history on personal identity, moral dilemmas, and the concept of the hero's journey, which is central to the protagonist's development.

The references also serve to situate the individual struggles of the characters within the larger frameworks of society, spirituality, and myth, enhancing the reader's understanding of the complexities of their dilemmas. Through this interplay, the novel not only tells the story of its characters but also invites readers to reflect on the significance of their own histories and cultural contexts, demonstrating how personal and collective experiences shape human lives.